Practices are the operational mechanisms through which animal exploitation is carried out. Each practice represents a specific intervention, physical, chemical, behavioural, or procedural, applied to animals within exploitation systems.

While the industries and contexts in which they appear vary, the underlying practices are largely standardised across species, regions, and sectors. The same mechanisms repeat in dairy and aquaculture, in fur and research, in food production and entertainment. This standardisation is not incidental – it reflects the industrial logic that shapes how animals are treated at scale.

The records below document these practices as structural phenomena: what they are, how they function, and what their effects on animals are.